There are three main types of radiation:
- alpha
- beta
- gamma-ray emission
Any thing, any material object of those around us has a certain amount of radionuclides (not related to the nuclear industry) that can decompose and emit ionizing radiation - the proverbial radiation.
Another source of radiation, non-natural and artificial radionuclides, is the cosmic radiation. In the open space, this radiation has tremendous energy, but passing through the atmosphere, greatly weakened and no significant effect on the person. With increasing altitude increases and the background radiation - so people often travel by air, get a higher dose of radiation, a greater dose produced astronauts go into space.
The most dangerous is the radiation - gamma rays, it has the highest penetration, its electromagnetic waves are able to pass through the body.
Irradiation with gamma-rays, depending on the dose and duration can cause chronic and acute radiation syndrome. Stochastic effects of radiation include various types of cancer. Gamma radiation is a mutagen and teratogen.
Approximately 84.4% of the dose we get only from natural sources.
15.3% - from medical sources, 0.3% - from man-made sources (power plants and other enterprises of the nuclear industry here also included the effects of nuclear explosions). In the structure of natural sources of radon can be identified (50.9% of the total dose), terrigenous radiation due to radionuclides present in the soil (15.6%), cosmic radiation (9.8%), and finally, the internal exposure due radionuclides present in the body (potassium-40, and radionuclides entering the water, air, food) - 8.1%.
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